Lion

The lion study is a large-scale research project that proposes to generate a document to facilitate and enhance the management of lions in small reserves. This project has two stages. The University of Natal has completed the first stage using historical records from Kruger Park, Umfolozi Game Reserve, and the Serengeti to map the influence of habitat (vegetation, topography), herbivore distribution and rainfall on lion group sizes, compositions, and reproductive rates. The data were used to predict how lions should behave and reproduce in any small area for which the environmental characteristics are known. The second stage of the project is to test these predictions in a range of small reserves as they introduce lions. This will validate the model that we are using, and any deviations from the model will allow us to reassess the parameters. A final, revised predictive model will be generated that will allow the manager of a small reserve to understand the impact of introducing lions to that reserve.

Managing lions in small reserves

Ross Kettles, Warden of the Greater Makalali Private Game Reserve completed his Masters Degree in Protected Area Management. Ross completed his thesis on Managing lions within small reserves. For the full paper, refer to the South African Journal of Wildlife Management, April 2009.

One of the topics that Ross explores is hormonal contraception for lions. Contraception has become a useful tool in population management of wild carnivores

Lion Contraception

Contraception has become a useful tool in population management of wild carnivores in zoos, wildlife sanctuaries and smaller conservancies. The choice of reversible or irreversible methods depends on requirements. The main reason for carnivore contraception in southern Africa is to slow down the rate of breeding rather than permanent sterilization or culling.

In South Africa, lions are kept on a number of smaller game reserves (1,000-10,000 ha) where they are allowed to range freely with prey species. Under such conditions, the lack of competition from other lions and large predators results in an increased cub survival rate. The resulting population explosion leads to depletion of prey species, which are expensive to replace. To solve the problem, the rate of reproduction should be slowed down and, for genetic reasons; lionesses should be allowed to breed on a rotational basis.

The Greater Makalali Private Game Reserve has adopted lion contraception, which consists of a hormonal implant, as part of their lion management regime. This forms part of a broad scale monitoring program conducted by the University of Pretoria’s Wildlife Veterinary Unit.